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Under DevelopmentPlease cite this work as:Stefanidou, S., Paraskevopoulos, E., Papanikolaou, V., Kappos, A.J. "An online platform for bridge-specific fragility analysis of as-built and retrofitted bridges", Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 20, 1717-1737 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01299-3

The Bridge Database - ESPA

As Built Piers

Rectangular Piers

Table 1: Rectangular Piers: Limit state thresholds in terms of drift

Engineering Demand Parameter: Drift (%)
ReferencesLimit StatesThreshold ValuesDescriptionLoading typeSpecimen Characteristics
ACI 341.4R-16 (2016)LS1Minor flexural cracksCyclic tests and field observationsSimilar to Goodnight et al. (2016)
LS2Concrete cover spalling, yielding of longitudinal reinforcement
LS3Buckling of longitudinal reinforcement or/and fracture of transverse reinforcement, partial crushing of concrete core
Berry, M. and Eberhard, M. (2003)LS3Buckling of longitudinal reinforcement Cyclic loading
Spalling of concrete cover
Bousias, S. N., Fardis, M.N., Sotiropoulos, F., Kalteziotis, D., Chronopoulos, M. (2006)LS3Longitudinal bar bucklingCyclic loading
Gil, W.D., Park, R., Priestley, M.J.N. (1979)LS1Minor cracking and crushing of concreteCyclic loading
LS2Concrete cover spalling
LS3Extended concrete cover spalling
Hoshikuma, J., Unjoh, S., and Nagaya, K. (2002)LS3Concrete cover spalling and buckling of longitudinal barsCyclic loading
Inel, M., Aschheim, M. A., Pantazopoulou, S. J. (2007)LS320% reduction of the maximum moment at the critical sectionCyclic or monotonic loading
Kehila, F., Remki, M., Bechtoula, H., Mehani, Y., Kibboua, A. (2014)LS2Spalling of concrete coverCyclic loading
LS3Longitudinal bar fracture, excessive damage in concrete core
Kim, S. H. and Feng, M. Q. (2003)LS1First yieldBased on Dutta & Mander report-
LS2Concrete cracking, spalling
LS3Initiation of column collapse
LS4Column collapse
Lam, S.S.E., Wu, B., Wong, Y.L., Wang, Z.Y., Liu, Z.Q., and Li, C.S. (2003)LS3Extended concrete spalling, major shear crack developmentCyclic loading
Lejano, B, Shirai, N. Adachi, H., Ono, A. (1992)LS3Yielding of transverse reinforcementCyclic loading
Lu, Y., Gu, X., Guan, J. (2005)LS1Functional performance levelMonte Carlo simulation
LS2Damage control performance level
LS3Ultimate performance level
Pujol, S. (2002)LS1Long. Reinforcement yielding, minor spalling of concreteCyclic loading
LS3Extended concrete spalling, long. Reinforcement buckling
Tsuno, K. and Park, R. (2004)LS3Extended spalling of concrete, buckling and/or fracture of long. barsCyclic loading

References

  1. ACI Committee 341 (2016). ACI 341.4R-16 Report on the Seismic Design of Bridge Columns Based on Drift, ISBN: 978-1-945487-02-6.
  2. Berry, M., Eberhard, M. (2003). Performance Models for Flexural Damage in Reinforced Concrete Columns, Report PEER 2003/18, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington.
  3. Bousias, S.N., Fardis, M.N., Sotiropoulos, F., Kalteziotis, D., Chronopoulos, M., Influence of transverse reinforcement configuration in seismic performance of reinforced concrete columns, 15th Hellenic Concrete conference, Alexandroupoli, Greece, Β3.44, 2006, pp. 507-516 (in Greek).
  4. Gill, W.D., Park, R., and Priestley, M.J.N.. Ductility of Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Columns With Axial Load, Report 79-1, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, 1979.
  5. Hoshikuma, J., Unjoh, S., and Nagaya, K., “Flexural Ductility of Full-Scale bridge Columns subjected to Cyclic Loading” Proceedings of 1st fib Congress, Osaka, October 2002.
  6. Inel, M. Aschheim, M. A., Pantazopoulou, S. J. (2007). Seismic deformation capacity indices for concrete columns: model estimates and experimental results, Magazine of Concrete Research, Vol. 59, No. 4, pp 297-310, https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.2007.59.4.297.
  7. Kehila, F., Remki, M., Bechtoula, H., Mehani, Y., Kibboua, A. (2014). EFFET OF LOADING HISTORY ON FRAGİLİTY CURVES OF REİNFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGE PIERS UNDER MULTIDIRECTIONAL LOADING, Second European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, Istanbul, 25-29 August, 2014.
  8. Kim, S. H. and Feng, M. Q. (2003). Fragility analysis of bridges under ground motion with spatial variation, International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics, Vol. 38, pp 705-721, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7462(01)00128-7.
  9. Lam, S.S.E., Wu, B., Wong, Y.L., Wang, Z.Y., Liu, Z.Q., and Li, C.S. Drift Capacity of Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Columns with Low Lateral Confinement and High-Axial Load, Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 129, No. 6, June 2003, pp. 733-742, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2003)129:6(733).
  10. Lejano, B., Shirai, N., Adachi, H., Ono, A. (1992). Deformation properties and shear resistance mechanism of reinforced concrete column with high and fluctuating axial force, Earthquake Engineering, Tenth World Conference, 1992, Rotterdam.
  11. Lu, Y., Gu., X., Guan, J. (2005). Probabilistic Drift Limits and Performance Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Columns, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 131, No. 6, pp 966-978, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:6(966).
  12. Pujol, S. (2002). Drift capacity of reinforced concrete columns subjected to displacement reversals, PhD Thesis, Purdue University.
  13. Tsuno, K. and Park, R. (2004). EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGE PIERS SUBJECTED TO BI-DIRECTIONAL QUASI-STATIC LOADING, Journal of Structural Mechanics and Earthquake Engineering, JSCE, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp 11-26, https://doi.org/10.2208/jscej.2004.752_11.

Table 2: Rectangular Piers: Limit state thresholds in terms of displacement ductility

Engineering Demand Parameter: Displacement ductility (μd)
ReferencesLimit StatesThreshold ValuesDescriptionLoading typeSpecimen Characteristics
Ang, B. G., Priesteley, M. J. N., Park, R. (1981)LS1Concrete cracking and initiation of crushingCyclic loading
LS2Concrete cover spalling
LS3Longitudinal bars buckling
Bousias, S. N., Fardis, M.N., Sotiropoulos, F., Kalteziotis, D., Chronopoulos, M. (2006)LS3Longitudinal bar bucklingCyclic loading
Gil, W.D., Park, R., Priestley, M.J.N. (1979)LS1Minor cracking and crushing of concreteCyclic loading
LS2Concrete cover spalling
LS3Extended concrete cover spalling
Hoshikuma, J., Unjoh, S., and Nagaya, K. (2002)LS3Concrete cover spalling and buckling of longitudinal barsCyclic loading
Inel, M., Aschheim, M. A., Pantazopoulou, S. J. (2007)LS320% reduction of the maximum moment at the critical sectionCyclic or monotonic loading
Priestley, M. J. N. and Park, R. (1987)LS3Longitudinal bar bucklingCyclic loading
Tsuno, K. and Park, R. (2004)LS3Extended spalling of concrete, buckling and/or fracture of long. barsCyclic loading

References

  1. Ang, B.G., Priestley, M.J.N., and Park, R., Ductility of Reinforced Bridge Piers Under Seismic Loading, Report 81-3, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, 1981.
  2. Bousias, S.N., Fardis, M.N., Sotiropoulos, F., Kalteziotis, D., Chronopoulos, M., Influence of transverse reinforcement configuration in seismic performance of reinforced concrete columns, 15th Hellenic Concrete conference, Alexandroupoli, Greece, Β3.44, 2006, pp. 507-516 (in Greek).
  3. Gill, W.D., Park, R., and Priestley, M.J.N.. Ductility of Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Columns With Axial Load, Report 79-1, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, 1979.
  4. Hoshikuma, J., Unjoh, S., and Nagaya, K., “Flexural Ductility of Full-Scale bridge Columns subjected to Cyclic Loading” Proceedings of 1st fib Congress, Osaka, October 2002.
  5. Inel, M. Aschheim, M. A., Pantazopoulou, S. J. (2007). Seismic deformation capacity indices for concrete columns: model estimates and experimental results, Magazine of Concrete Research, Vol. 59, No. 4, pp 297-310, https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.2007.59.4.297.
  6. Priestley, M. J. N. and Park, R. (1987). Strength and Ductility of Concrete Bridge Columns Under Seismic Loading, ACI Structural Journal, No. 84-S8., pp 61-76, https://doi.org/10.14359/2800.
  7. Tsuno, K. and Park, R. (2004). EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGE PIERS SUBJECTED TO BI-DIRECTIONAL QUASI-STATIC LOADING, Journal of Structural Mechanics and Earthquake Engineering, JSCE, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp 11-26, https://doi.org/10.2208/jscej.2004.752_11.